by definition, this term refers to the process through which metal surfaces are worked to improve the properties of the material. Three major ways exist for achieving the results. The first method is mechanical in nature and involves using hammer blows. The second method involves using shots to blast the surface. The third method involves using a series of light beams through which the material is passed. Germany was the first country to engage in peening in the 90s with the intention of increasing resistance to fatigue of metal.
The process was later adopted commercially in automotive industries then to the aircraft industries. The process was accepted and included in engineering literature in mid-nineties. Since then it has been used to carry out various project the most famous being the invention of the super constellation aircraft. By the end of the nineties it experienced a major innovation when the laser shock version was discovered.
Cold working or shot version of this process is applied in production of compressive residual stress layers. When applied on a metal its composite and mechanical properties get modified. Cold working entails blasting a metallic surface with shots of particles of ceramic, round metals, or glass. The blasting force gives the surface a deformation that is plastic in nature.
Aircraft, automotive, and construction industries are some of sectors where cold working is applied on large scale. It is applied because of its ability to relieve stress and strength components like crankshafts and steel automobile. A muted finish on metal is reason the construction industries need it. It is similar to sandblasting save for some differences. The main difference is that sandblasting works on mechanism of abrasion while it works on plasticity.
As discussed earlier, discovery of the laser version was a breakthrough in innovation. It utilizes the dynamic mechanical effects of an imparted shock wave to achieve the desired properties. It is accomplished using two components which are a transparent overlay and a high energy pulsed laser system. The overlay has to be thin and opaque to laser beam. An opaque overlay protects the target surface from potential detrimental thermal effects.
The overlay also allows interactions of the laser beam and the target surface in a consistent manner. The fact that it amplifies the magnitude of the shock helps to cut cost of the process. There is the use of computer systems to achieve consistency and precision. Computers also allow for easier and better monitoring of the whole process.
Diversity is another unique and important feature of laser version. With this technology different textures can be produced over the same surface. Cold working did not provide the feature of producing varied surfaces. Compressive and tensile residual stress is produced by laser version which introduces shockwaves on target surface. The stress is important as it keeps the material in its equilibrium state. When the stress fades into the target it hardens the surface layer.
Initially, laser was used to attain functional and property benefits. It finds use in shaping sections of a metal by choosing parts of the whole to work on. The residual stress that is generated allows for shaping of the work piece into any shape by causing it to flex controllably.
The process was later adopted commercially in automotive industries then to the aircraft industries. The process was accepted and included in engineering literature in mid-nineties. Since then it has been used to carry out various project the most famous being the invention of the super constellation aircraft. By the end of the nineties it experienced a major innovation when the laser shock version was discovered.
Cold working or shot version of this process is applied in production of compressive residual stress layers. When applied on a metal its composite and mechanical properties get modified. Cold working entails blasting a metallic surface with shots of particles of ceramic, round metals, or glass. The blasting force gives the surface a deformation that is plastic in nature.
Aircraft, automotive, and construction industries are some of sectors where cold working is applied on large scale. It is applied because of its ability to relieve stress and strength components like crankshafts and steel automobile. A muted finish on metal is reason the construction industries need it. It is similar to sandblasting save for some differences. The main difference is that sandblasting works on mechanism of abrasion while it works on plasticity.
As discussed earlier, discovery of the laser version was a breakthrough in innovation. It utilizes the dynamic mechanical effects of an imparted shock wave to achieve the desired properties. It is accomplished using two components which are a transparent overlay and a high energy pulsed laser system. The overlay has to be thin and opaque to laser beam. An opaque overlay protects the target surface from potential detrimental thermal effects.
The overlay also allows interactions of the laser beam and the target surface in a consistent manner. The fact that it amplifies the magnitude of the shock helps to cut cost of the process. There is the use of computer systems to achieve consistency and precision. Computers also allow for easier and better monitoring of the whole process.
Diversity is another unique and important feature of laser version. With this technology different textures can be produced over the same surface. Cold working did not provide the feature of producing varied surfaces. Compressive and tensile residual stress is produced by laser version which introduces shockwaves on target surface. The stress is important as it keeps the material in its equilibrium state. When the stress fades into the target it hardens the surface layer.
Initially, laser was used to attain functional and property benefits. It finds use in shaping sections of a metal by choosing parts of the whole to work on. The residual stress that is generated allows for shaping of the work piece into any shape by causing it to flex controllably.
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